![]() ![]() Learned helplessness is the perception that no matter what a person does, they cannot change their situation or condition. For many Black youth, especially those from deprived and under-resourced communities, learned helplessness may be another consequence of intergenerational trauma. The negative racial stereotypes that have been applied to Black people throughout history may have been internalized and passed down from generation to generation. ![]() In the aforementioned book, Leary explains that one of the aftereffects of slavery that has been observed is vacant self-esteem, which can include feelings of hopelessness and depression. ![]() The results of this study have been replicated in recent decades. The results of their study found that a large portion of the Black children showed a preference for white dolls over Black dolls. In the 1940s, husband and wife psychology researchers Mamie and Kenneth Clark conducted a study to better understand the impacts of segregation on Black children. ![]()
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